Intshayelelo
Ngaphantsi kwezitrato, kumagumbi asetyenziswayo, kwaye angcwatywe kwimingxuma engaphantsi komhlaba kuwo wonke umasipala ophuhlileyo kukho uthungelwano olubanzi lwemibhobho yokuhambisa ehambisa amanzi acocekileyo, anoxinzelelo kwizigidi zamakhaya nakumashishini. Ukuze lo mmangaliso mkhulu wobunjineli usebenze ngokuzinzileyo, ababoneleli bezinto eziluncedo kufuneka babenendlela echanekileyo, engafihliyo yokulinganisa usetyenziso. Lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo uwela phezu kweemitha zamanzi, abalindi abathuleyo bothungelwano oluluncedo abaloga ngenkuthalo yonke igaloni, cubic foot, okanye cubic meter yolwelo engena kwipropati. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ezi zixhobo zifakwe ngokuthe ngqo ngokuhambelana neentsika zamanzi ezisebenzayo kwaye zihlala ziphantsi kobume beendawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, azikho izinto ezisisigxina. Njengayo nayiphi na i-asethi yoomatshini okanye ye-elektroniki, banobude bokusebenza obulinganiselweyo kwaye ekugqibeleni kufuneka batshintshwe.
Inkqubo yokuhlaziya isiseko somlinganiselo wamanzi ngumceli mngeni omkhulu, omkhulu,{0}}onzima wolungiselelo ekufuneka inkampani nganye nomasipala bajongane nayo kwishedyuli ejikelezayo. Kumnini wepropathi engabonakaliyo, isaziso sokuba imitha yabo icwangciselwe ukususwa ingabonakala njengento ephazamisayo yolawulo olungadingekile, ngakumbi ukuba isixhobo sangoku sibonakala sisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwimbono ebonakalayo. Ngokwenyani, isigqibo sokwenza iphulo lokutshintsha elibanzi siqhutywa yimigaqo yobunjineli entsonkothileyo, ukubala okungqongqo kwezoqoqosho, kunye nezigunyaziso eziphuhlayo zowiso-mthetho. Ukuqonda amaxesha athile, iimpawu ezibonakalayo, kunye nenkuthazo yezobuchwepheshe emva komhlalaphantsi wemitha ityhila ukuba kutheni lo mjikelo uqhubekayo wohlaziyo ubalulekile ekugcineni ingeniso kamasipala, ukukhusela abathengi kwiimali ezigwenxa, kunye nokuqhuba amandla ehlabathi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamanzi.
Uluhlu Lwexesha Lolandelelwano: Xa Kwenzeka Utshintsho
Ukumisela umzuzu ochanekileyo wokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwemitha yamanzi kufuna ukulinganisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinqumlanayo, eyona nto ibalaseleyo yiminyaka elula yokulandelelana kweziganeko. Kwiipropati zokuhlala eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzisa ukufuduka okuqinisekileyo okanye isantya esisekwe kwisantya{{1}esisekwe kwisantya, umlinganiselo woshishino lwehlabathi kubomi bokusebenza bubonke buphakathi kweminyaka elishumi ukuya kumashumi amabini. Ngaphaya kwalonyaka weshumi elinesihlanu{3}}umndilili, amalungu angaphakathi ngokwendalo aqala ukudlula imida yawo yobunjineli yokudinwa. Nokuba imitha ihlala icocekile ngaphandle, umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwecandelo ukhula ngokumangalisayo emva kweminyaka elishumi yokuntywiliselwa ngokuqhubekayo emanzini acinezelekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuthembela kuphela kwikhalenda ukumisela iishedyuli zokulondolozwa kunokulahlekisa kakhulu, yiyo loo nto izixhobo eziluncedo zikwabeka iliso kumthamo wevolumu eyongezelekayo. Imitha yamanzi efakwe kwipropati yokuhlala ezolileyo ehlala umntu omnye iya kuba noxinzelelo oluncinci lomatshini kunemitha efanayo enceda usapho olukhulu lwabathandathu, nangona zombini ezi zixhobo zifakelwe kwangaloo mhla kanye. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iimitha zorhwebo kunye nezoshishino zijongwa ngokuyinhloko ngomthamo opheleleyo wamanzi abarekhodayo. Iimitha-ezinkulu ezilinganisa amakhulu amawaka eegaloni mihla le zinokufikelela kwimida yazo yokuthotywa kwesakhiwo kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwesixhenxe, efuna izithuba ezithe gqolo zokutshintsha kunezinye iindawo zokuhlala.
Okokugqibela, ixesha lokutshintsha lihlala lichazwa ngumthetho osemthethweni kunye nezikhokelo zolawulo ezingqongqo ezisekwe zii-arhente zesizwe okanye zengingqi zokhuselo lokusingqongileyo. Oorhulumente abaninzi bagunyazisa ukuba izinto eziluncedo zikawonke-wonke kufuneka zikhuphe isampulu ebaluleke ngokweenkcukacha-manani yemitha yazo esebenzayo rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa yovavanyo lokuchaneka kwelabhoratri. Ukuba ibhetshi ethile yeemitha ibonisa i-avareji yomlinganiselo wokukhukuliseka odlula unyamezelo olusemthethweni olumiselweyo, usetyenziso lufunwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba lutshintshe imitha nganye ngaphakathi kwelo candelo lemveliso likhethekileyo okanye icandelo lezejografi, nokuba zinexesha elingakanani zikwinkonzo esebenzayo.
Ii-Catalysts zoTshintsho: Kutheni iimitha ezidala kufuneka zithathwe umhlalaphantsi
Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni ukutshintshwa kuyimfuneko, umntu kufuneka ajonge imigaqo yenyama elawula umlinganiselo wolwelo. Uninzi lweemitha ezililifa ezifakelwe kwihlabathi jikelele ngoku zizixhobo zoomatshini ezibonisa izinto zangaphakathi ezifana neediski ze-nutating, ii-oscillating pistons, okanye ii-impellers ze-injini. Ezi nxalenye ezihambayo zenzelwe ukujikeleza okanye ukugubha ngokuhambelana ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nekholamu yamanzi adlulayo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka yokusebenza rhoqo, ungquzulwano oluvezwa zizigidi ezijikelezayo ngokuthe ngcembe lusila phantsi kwincam ezithambileyo zala malungu angaphakathi, sandise ukunyamezelana phakathi kwamalungu ashukumayo kunye neendonga zegumbi.
Njengoko olu coceko lwangaphakathi lusanda, ipesenti encinci yamanzi iqala ukutyibilika kwigumbi lokulinganisa ngaphandle kokubandakanya ngokwasemzimbeni iigiya zoomatshini. Le nto ibangela ukuchaneka kokuchaneka, kwaye isoloko ibonakala ngathi ingaphantsi-kubhaliso, oko kuthetha ukuba imitha endala ibhala amanzi amancinci kunalawo asetyenziswa ngumthengi. Ngelixa umsebenzisi enokuthi ekuqaleni ajonge imitha engaphantsi{3}}yokubhalisa njengenzuzo yezemali, idala ingxaki enkulu kubaboneleli ngezinto eziluncedo abaziwa njengawo{4}}amanzi engeniso. Amanzi angengawo{6}}ngengeniso amele amanzi acociweyo, acinezelekileyo athi ampontshelwe kwigridi yokuhambisa kodwa angashiyi mkhondo wephepha ngeenjongo zokuhlawula.
Xa amanqanaba -angeyiyo ingeniso yamanzi enyuka ngenxa yamawaka eemitha ezithotyiweyo, izinto ezisetyenziswayo zifumana ukuhla okukhulu kwingeniso ngelixa iindleko zabo zokusebenza kwiikhemikhali zokucocwa kwamanzi kunye namandla okumpompa ombane zihlala zime okanye zonyuka. Ukuphelisa le lahleko ifihlakeleyo yenkqubo, ekugqibeleni kunyanzeleke ukuba kunyuswe imigangatho yamanzi kuluntu luphela. Ke ngoko, ukubuyisela iimitha ezidala, ezinobudoda sisenzo sokulingana kwezemali, ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umthengi ubhatala kanye oko akusebenzisayo kwaye akukho candelo elinye labemi elixhasa ngokungangqalanga ukusetyenziswa okungabhalwanga kwabanye.
Ngaphaya kokunxitywa koomatshini, iimitha zisesichengeni kakhulu kumonzakalo wokusingqongileyo. Kwiindawo ezibandayo, iqabaka ihlala isisisongelo esithe rhoqo; ukuba amanzi angaphakathi kumngxuma wemitha ongekho nzulu aba ngumkhenkce, ayanda ngamandla, aqhekeze igumbi lokulinganisa langaphakathi okanye atyumze ubuso bobhaliso lweglasi ngokupheleleyo. Ngokufanayo, ukuqengqeleka okukhulu kwezolimo, ukuguquguquka kwemichiza yamanzi, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwentlenga emisiweyo okanye isikali semibhobho kunokubangela ukufakwa kweeminerali ngokukhawuleza kwenzeke ngaphakathi kwisingxobo semitha, kuvalwe iinxalenye zangaphakathi endaweni kunye nokumisa ukuqokelelwa kwedatha ngokupheleleyo.
UkuFudukela kwezobuChwepheshe: ukuPhucula ukuya kwiSiseko soPhuhliso esiSmart
Kumhlaba wangoku woncedo, iphulo lokubuyisela amanzi kwiziseko ezingundoqo liya likhuthazwa ngumnqweno wokutsiba kuluhlu lwetekhnoloji kunokutshintsha{0}ivili eligugileyo. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, izinto eziluncedo zamanzi bezixhomekeke kubafundi bemitha yezandla abahamba besuka kwindlu ngendlu, bephakamisa izivalo zentsimbi enzima emvuleni, ekhephini, okanye kubushushu behlobo ukuze babhale ngokubonakalayo idatha yokusetyenziswa kwamanani. Le ndlela yokusebenza icotha ngendlela emangalisayo, iyabiza, kwaye ithanda ukuba neempazamo zokukhuphela abantu, kwaye ibonelela ngenqaku elinye ledatha rhoqo kwiintsuku ezingamashumi amathathu.
Ngokuqalisa amaphulo okutshintsha acwangcisiweyo, ababoneleli ngenkonzo abaqhubela phambili banokuwuphucula ummandla wabo uphela ube ziimitha zamanzi ezikrelekrele ezisebenza ngaphakathi kuthungelwano lwe-Advanced Metering Infrastructure network. Ezi zixhobo zale mihla ziphelisa umsebenzi wezandla ngokupheleleyo ngokusasaza iinkcukacha eziphezulu zedatha yosetyenziso lwevolumetric ngokukhuselekileyo asezantsi{1}amandla abanzi{2}}amandla onomathotholo kwindawo okanye iinethiwekhi zeselula ngokuthe ngqo kwiiseva eziluncedo ezisembindini ngeyure. Ukunyuselwa kwesi sikhokelo siqhagamsheleneyo luluncedo olukhulu lokusebenza kangangokuba oomasipala abaninzi bakhetha ukuthatha umhlala phantsi besebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, phakathi{4}}iimitha zoomatshini bomjikelo wobomi ngaphambi kweshedyuli ukuze bavune iinzuzo zenkqubo etshayelayo ye-automation yedijithali.
Ukuphunyezwa kweziseko ezihlakaniphileyo kuguqula ngokupheleleyo ubudlelwane phakathi komthengi kunye nomboneleli oluncedo. Ngokuhamba{1}}kwexesha lokwenyani, izinto eziluncedo zinokubonelela abathengi{2}}ezijongene neewebhusayiti zewebhu kunye nezicelo ze-smartphone ezibonisa iipateni zokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla ukuya kutsho kumzuzu. Oku kubonakala kwegranular kuvumela abanini-propati ukuba baqaphele ngokukhawuleza impembelelo yezemali yeendlela zabo zemihla ngemihla, balungelelanise iishedyuli zabo zokunkcenkceshela, kwaye bafumane izilumkiso ezizenzekelayo ezizenzekelayo ukuba inkqubo ifumanisa i-spike engabonakaliyo ekusebenziseni i-spike yengxakeko yemibhobho. Ngokubonelela ngolu xhotyiso lobuchwepheshe, inkqubo yokutshintshwa isuka kwimfuneko yogcino olusemgangathweni ukuya kuphuculo olunzulu kumgangatho wenkonzo karhulumente.
Inkqubo yoTshintsho: uKuqhutywa kokuSebenza kunye neQhinga
Ukuphumeza inkqubo yokutshintshwa kweemitha zamanzi exhaphakileyo ludidi oluphambili kulungiselelo lwedolophu olufuna ukucwangciswa okucokisekileyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwebala elingenaziphene. Izinto eziluncedo ngokuqhelekileyo zijongana nalo msebenzi zisebenzisa enye yeendlela ezimbini ezicwangcisiweyo: ukutshintshanisa okusebenzayo okanye ukukhutshwa okucwangcisekileyo ngokwejografi. Ukutshintshana okusebenzayo kwenzeka xa isilinganisi-manzi sisilele ngokupheleleyo, sichaphazeleke ngokwasemzimbeni, okanye sibangele ukuchaneka kwentlawulo efuna ungenelelo olukhawulezileyo, olukhawulezileyo lwegcisa. Ngelixa ulondolozo olusebenzayo luyimfuneko kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, alusebenzi kakhulu njengeyona ndlela iphambili kuba lubandakanya ixesha elininzi lokuhamba kunye nolwabiwo lomsebenzi othe saa.
Kwelinye icala, ukukhutshwa kwejografi okucwangcisiweyo kubandakanya ukwahlula isixeko siphela sibe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo othungelwano kunye nokutshintsha imitha nganye kwindawo ethile ngexesha elicinezelweyo leentsuku okanye iiveki. Le ndlela ivumela abasebenzi bofakelo ukuba bahambe ngokufanelekileyo ukusuka kwindlu ngendlu ukuya kwisitalato esinye, ukwandisa imveliso yemihla ngemihla kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwezithuthi kunye neendleko zabasebenzi. Phambi kokuqalisa, izibonelelo zithumela amaphulo olwazi abanzi kubahlali, echaza ukuba amagcisa aya kuba nini kwindawo kwaye acacise ngophazamiseko olufutshane, lwexeshana lwenkonzo yabo yamanzi.
Xa igcisa lasendle lifika kwindawo yokuhlala okanye yorhwebo, olona tshintsho lwendalo ludla ngokugqityezelwa kwimizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu ukuya kumashumi amathathu, ngaphandle kokuba imibhobho ekhoyo ikwimo ephilileyo yolwakhiwo. Igcisa libeka indawo engundoqo-ivalve yokuvala phambi kwesixhobo sokulinganisa imitha, isike unikezelo lwamanzi ukuthintela izandyondyo, kwaye isebenzise iziklintshi ezikhethekileyo ukudibanisa isixhobo esidala kumgca wenkonzo. Phambi kokulahla imitha entsha endaweni, igcisa lihlola ngononophelo imisonto yombhobho eveziweyo kwaye ifakele amatsha,{3}}iigasthi zerabha eziphakamileyo ukuqinisekisa itywina elide{4}}elingenamanzi.
Nje ukuba isilinganisi-manzi esitsha sibotshwe ngokukhuselekileyo endaweni, unikezelo lwamanzi lubuyiselwa ngokucothayo, kwaye igcisa licoca ngokucokisekileyo nawuphi na umoya ovaleleke kwimigca ngempompo yangaphandle ngelixa iskena uqhagamshelo olutsha lokuvuza kwemicroscopic. Elona nyathelo lokugqibela, nelibaluleke kakhulu, lenkqubo yokutshintshwa komzimba ibandakanya ukudityaniswa kwedatha. Igcisa lisebenzisa i-terminal yedijithali ephathwayo ukuskena inombolo eyodwa yesiriyali kunye nekhowudi yosasazo yerediyo ezenzekelayo yemitha esanda kufakelwa, inxulumanisa iprofayili ethile yehardware ngokuthe ngqo kwidilesi yendawo kunye nedathabheyisi yentlawulo yenkonzo esembindini. Olu ngqamaniso lwedijithali lwangoku luqinisekisa ukuba umjikelo wokuhlawula olandelayo ngokugqibeleleyo ufunda ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kwi-asethi entsha ngaphandle kosuku olunye losetyenziso olungalinganiselwanga.
Ukuqukumbela
Umjikelo oqhubekayo wokutshintshwa kweemitha zamanzi yimfuneko yokusebenza ngokupheleleyo exhasa uzinzo, ulingano, kunye nozinzo lweziseko zophuhliso lwangoku zoluntu. Akukho mitha inokujikeleza ngonaphakade ngokuchasene namandla angayekiyo amanzi aqukuqelayo, kwaye ayinako ukumelana nohambo olungenakuthintelwa lwenkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe. Njengoko ezi zixhobo zisondela kwimida yazo emva kweshumi leminyaka okanye ngaphezulu lokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ebaleni, ukuchaneka kwazo ngokwemvelo kuyehla, kusongela impilo yemali yoomasipala kwaye kwenza kube nzima kumanyathelo olondolozo lwemithombo yobutyebi.
Ngokwamkela iinkqubo ezisebenzayo,{0}}ezicwangciswe kakuhle, ababoneleli ngenkonzo bakhusela imithombo yabo yengeniso, baphelise ukungachaneki kwentlawulo, kunye nokuphelisa ngocwangco imiceli mngeni yenkqubo yamanzi{1}}angeyongeniso. Okona kubaluleke ngakumbi, inguqu yala maxesha ukusuka kwiirejista ze-analog ukuya kwiimitha ezihlakaniphile eziqhagamshelweyo ibonelela uluntu ngexesha lokwenyani{3}}lokulandelela idatha efunekayo ukuxilonga ukuvuza okufihliweyo ngoko nangoko kwaye baziqhelanise nenkathalo yendalo esingqongileyo enolwazi. Ekugqibeleni, umhlalaphantsi ocwangcisiweyo weemitha zokuguga uqinisekisa ukuba uthungelwano lwethu lokuhambisa amanzi kwihlabathi luhlala luqinile, luthembekile, kwaye lukulungele ngokugqibeleleyo ukuhlangabezana nemingeni yemithombo yexesha elizayo.